The course introduces students to the discipline of economics through the study of various approaches to economic theory. Its objective is to present fundamental economic concepts and issues, such as supply, demand, general equilibrium, business cycles, value, profit, marginal cost, marginal utility, inflation, full employment, perfect competition, capital accumulation, surplus value, inequality, commodification, money and financialization, demand management, and discretionary policy. The course examines the contributions of major schools of economic thought to the evolution and shaping of economics: the Classical School, Marxist economics, the Neoclassical School, Keynesian economics, Monetarism, Neoliberalism, and Ordoliberalism. In exploring these different schools of thought, the course highlights the links between the economic ideas they promote and the institutions, policies, and policy tools operating at national and international levels. The course concludes by presenting how economic theory addresses contemporary economic challenges.